SZCZEGÓLNE KORZYŚCI PRZYZNANE WSPÓLNIKOWI W UMOWIE SPÓŁKI Z OGRANICZONĄ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCIĄ
SPECIAL BENEFITS GRANTED TO A SHAREHOLDER IN A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

Summary/Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to analyze article 159 of the Polish Code of Commercial Companies. The cited provision enables granting ‘special benefits’ to a shareholder of a limited liability company. This regulation is exceptional in nature, taking into account the fact that the shareholder’s influence on the object of the company’s activity depends, in principal, on the value of shares held. Research purpose: The purpose of the publication is to comprehensively present issues related to the subject and scope of special benefits assigned to a participant of a limited liability company, as well as the granting and termination thereof. In order to achieve this goal, the author analyzed the above-mentioned aspects in three sections. The first focuses on the subject and scope of special benefits. The second relates to granting thereof. The third refers to the termination of special benefits. Methods: The study uses the legal-dogmatic method. In particular, reference was made to the text of the September 15, 2000 Commercial Companies Code commentaries, articles, monographs, as well as case law. Conclusions: A closer look at the issue resulted in drawing three categories of conclusions and possible de lege ferenda proposals. The first category is positive conclusions. They relate to the existence of regulations enabling special rights to be attributed to a shareholder of a limited liability company. The second category is mixed conclusions. It pertains to the lack of defining the subject and scope of the issue in question. Prima facie this state of affairs may seem favorable, although – as it turns out – it is not entirely so. In this case, specific legislative solutions have been proposed to improve the situation. The last category is critical conclusions. They refer to the topic of the termination of ‘special benefits’ De lege lata, which is not clearly regulated. In light of this, doubts arise as to the application of article 159 of the Commercial Companies Code. In this matter, ways to improve the drafting of the provision are discussed.

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