Граматическото време и изразяването на актуалността, миналото и бъдещето в езика
Tense and the linguistic expression of actuality, past and future

Summary/Abstract: Tense is best expressed in the indicative mood where the idea of time is formed around the Speaker, the really existing and acting „I“ located Here and Now. The present tense organizes the tripartite metaphorical axis of time into Past, which is based on memory; Future, based on imagination; and Present, the arena of the Speaker’s activity. Past time is expressed by two tenses - imperfect and preterite. There is some asymmetry between Past and Future to the extent they have similar yet contradictory characteristics: the non-actuality of the Past vs. the trans-actuality of the Future; activities considered by the Speaker to have really taken place vs. activities imagined, desired, planned, etc., whose occurrence is hypothetical.

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