Cywilizacja jako proces część 1: Korzenie idei
Civilization as a process. Part 1: The roots of the idea

Summary/Abstract: The article is the first installment in the series reconstructing the history of the idea of civilization seen as process and discussing its usefulness for contemporary civilizational studies. The first part of the text analyzes two roots of the term using the latin words civilitas and civitias. After pointing out ancient antecedents of the notion of civilization, the article analyzes in detail the civilizational discourse of the Enlightenment, emphasizing Victor de Mirabeau’s and Immanuel Kant’s contributions. This leads to the conclusion that civilization can on the most general level be defined as refinement of society by ordering it by law. In the process of attaining civilization, civil society, understood as a collective bonded by mutual respect and prefering peaceful regulation over violence, becomes the lawgiving subject. Even though civilization, as the cult of good manners, can become an empty formalism, mutual courtesy and respect are still necessary conditions for civil society’s existence. If we understand the process of civilization along such lines, it remains worthy of consant research, especially comparative studies, today.

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