CO2 EMİSYONU VE EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ BAĞLAMINDA N-11 ÜLKELERİNDE ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİNİN TEST EDİLMESİ
TESTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE IN N-11 COUNTRIES IN CONTEXT OF CO2 EMISSION AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT

Summary/Abstract: This study focuses on ecological footprint and CO2 emission to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For the dependent variable CO2 emissions annual data for the period of 1986-2018; for the ecological footprint dependent variable annual data for the period of 1986-2016 were used. In the study, the effects of economic growth, energy consumption and population density on CO2 emissions and ecological footprints in 9 N-11 countries were investigated. As a method, CIPS unit root test, Westerlund cointegration test, AMG and CCEMG methods were used. Empirical findings revealed that the EKC hypothesis is not valid in N-11 countries. In addition, it has been determined that energy consumption has a positive effect on CO2 emissions and ecological footprint as expected, while population density does not have a statistically significant effect. In this article, a set of policy recommendations for sustainable environmental and economic development have been made to policy makers.

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