Alkohol w społeczeństwie polskim i polska polityka publiczna wobec alkoholu na przestrzeni dziejów. Pomiędzy piwnym wolnym rynkiem a spirytusowym monopolem
Alcohol in Polish Society and Polish Public Policy Towards Alcohol Throughout History. Between Beer Free Market and Spirit Monopoly

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with changes in the patterns of consumption of alcoholic beverages by Poles (beer, wine, spirits) over the course of history and the ways the Polish state conducts the alcohol policy. The analysis showed that several stages in this history could be distinguished, which were named as follows: 1) Beer and wine dominated until the 15th century; 2) The appearance of vodka in the 16th century and an increase in its consumption; 3) Potato vodka has been degrading the nation since the 19th century; 4) The state monopoly in the 20th century increases consumption; 5) New alcohol policy from 1982 – towards the sobriety of the nation; 6) Counterproductive activities in the 21st century; 7) The present – Poles drink harmfully, and the public policy of the Republic of Poland towards alcohol brings negative results. The article presents these stages and formulates recommendations for the alcohol policy of the Republic of Poland because of its diagnosed ineffectiveness from 2001 to 2019. As an important area for current socio-economic policy in alcohol, it was indicated, among other things, the e-commerce of alcoholic beverages.

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