Kolektyw czy jednostka? Kto tworzy teorie (nie tylko) naukowe? O pewnym szczególe w koncepcji Ludwika Flecka
The Collective or the Individual? Who Creates (Not Only) Scientific Theories? On a Particular Detail in the Concept of Ludwik Fleck

Summary/Abstract: The thesis formulated in the 1930s by Ludwik Fleck, that it is not the individualwho autonomously and independently formulates new scientific concepts, is no longercontroversial, as it is assumed that the process of cognition takes place in a social contextand is culturally conditioned. However, the problem of an individual’s participationin a scientific discovery remains unresolved. Although Fleck himself used the expres-sion exceptionally creative individual to denote a person responsible for a new concept,he was not yet able to explain in a precisemanner the peculiar oscillation of what is socialand what is strictly individual in the process of establishing new concepts.The Polishmicrobiologist, however, formulated some important suggestions, which in connectionwith the latest research, for example, by T. Hutchins, K. Knorr-Cetina or B. Latour,mayat least bring us closer to a fuller understanding of how the new enters Science.

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