Mulla Sadrine inovacije u filozofiji
Mulla Sadra’s Innovations in Philosophy

Summary/Abstract: Seeing the shortcomings of the philosophical lines of thought up to his time, Mulla Sadra founded a new philosophical teaching which, to distinguish it from others, he called hikmat al-muta‘āliya or, literally translated, sublime wisdom. Although he made a step forward and pointed out the inadequacies of previous philosophical teachings, Mulla Sadra addresses all his predecessors with special respect because of their enormous contribution to the path of uncovering truths. What was crucial for Mulla Sadra to make a Copernican turn and accept it as the basis of his philosophy is the proof of the primacy of existence. Mulla Sadra says very clearly that this knowledge was God’s gift to him. He claims the same for some other issues as well. Before Mulla Sadra, all philosophical edifices were built on the assumption of the primacy of essence, which decisively influenced other philosophical issues. The fact is that the question of the primacy of existence appears in some smaller sequences in his predecessors, but only with Mulla Sadra does it become the cornerstone of all other considerations and gives his philosophy a completely new form. Mulla Sadra’s innovations in philosophy imply that they are analyzed in four areas, which actually represent the basic areas of philosophy: ontology, epistemology, theology, philosophical psychology. The paper discusses some important issues to the extent allowed by a journal article framework. These questions are: the primacy of existence, contingent poverty, the generality and comprehensiveness of knowledge, will, life and consciousness and other perfections of existence, the rule “the simple reality is all things and nothing of them”, substantial movement, the reality of knowledge, the unity of intelligibility and intellect (unity of subject and object), as well as questions that necessarily arose from these basic ones.

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