Taberî Tefsirinde ‘fî Kelâmi’l-Arab’ Neye Tekabül Eder?
What Does ‘fī kalām al-‘Arab’ Correspond to in Ṭabarī’s Taf-sīr?

Summary/Abstract: Ṭabarī, used the Arabic language as a source while interpreting the verses of the Qur’ān. The conceptualized form of the reference to this source is the expression “fī kalām al-‘Arab” (Arabic language use). In his commentary, he used the phrase “fī kalām al-‘Arab” 304 times. This study aims to reveal what Ṭabarī means with the phrase “fī kalām al-‘Arab” in his tafsīr Jāmi‘ al-bayān ‘an ta’wīl āy al-Qur’ān. When we examine the usages of “fī kalām al-‘Arab” in the pre-Ṭabarī period, it becomes clear that it is limited in number and it is Ṭabarī who conceptualizes the phrase. When the context analysis is made in the parts where Ṭabarī mentions the phrase “fī kalām al-‘Arab”, the main thematic emphases can be listed as follows: To provide lexicological information by making only a word-by-word analysis, to support the word analysis with poetry, after mentioning various opinions and narrations, the evaluation passage of the most authentic and reliable opinion in the eyes of Ṭabarī, the issues of recitation, comparisons about the Kufa and Basra language schools, dialect knowledge. In addition to these thematic emphases, prominent names and styles in the passages in which Ṭabarī uses the aforementioned pattern are also taken into account in this study. In this context, what is meant by style is rating statements. It is seen that he refers to Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatada and Ibn Zayd in the parts where he includes the expression“fī kalām al-‘Arab”. This research, which can be considered as a source investigation in Ṭabarī’s tafsir, reveals that in many places where he mentions “fī kalām al-‘Arab”, he quotes from Arabic poetry. It has been determined that in one third of the places where the mufassir mentions “fī kalām al-‘Arab”, he applied to Arabic poetry. When these poems are examined, it is seen that there are data belonging to the period covering the second century of the hijri. This research, which can be considered as a source investigation in Ṭabarī’s tafsīr, reveals that in many places where the mufassir mentions “fī kalām al-‘Arab”, he quotes from Arabic poetry. It can be said that what is meant by “fī kalām al-‘Arab” in al-Tabarī’s tafsīr largely corresponds to the written literature. To support this claim, the uses of “fī kalām al-‘Arab” in tafsir were examined and numerical evaluations were made. The study was written by using text analysis method.

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