УCTABHA МАПА СВЕТА ПОЧЕТКОМ ОСАМДЕСЕТИХ ГОДИНА ОВОГ ВЕКА
THE CONSTITUTIONAL MAP OF THE WORLD AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHT DECADE OF THIS CENTURY

Summary/Abstract: The formation of a large number of states after the Second World War increased the number of independent states up to 160, almost every one of which, there is a minimum of exceptions, having its own constitution. The author attempts to determine the outlook of the constitutional map of the world today, particularly insisting on the changes which occurred during the seventh decade of this century. All countries are gathered into three large groups: the bougeois states, the socialist states, and the developing states — the emphasis being on the general characteristics noted in the development of constitutions and constitutionality in each one of them and, especially, a brief account of the most important constitutions enacted in individual states during the past ten years. The second part of the essay ih devoted to several of the most important common, or prevalent characteristics of the more modern constitutions. They would be: increasing political and ideological character of the constitution; the expansion of the catalogue of human rights and freedom; the strengthening of the executive power (which is more obvious not only in practice but also in the constitutions as well) ; the recognition and regulation of the role of political parties in the process of government; more frequent introduction of forms of territorial (local) government; more widely spread practice of adoption of constitutions through referendums, etc. The closing paragraph of the essay is devoted to the changes in the significance and character of the constitution itself, which (the changes), according to the author’s opinion, do not mean the crisis of the idea of the constitution and constitutionality, but are beyond anu doubt a reflection of the crisis of the realization of that idea. Nevertheless, constitutions have not lost their role in the development of society, predominantly in the sense of a more complete realization of the ideas of democracy and socialism.

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