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Nation-building with a Racial Theory of Mythical Origin

The Figure and Role of the Yellow Emperor in Zou Rong’s pamphlet: The Revolutionary Army

Summary/Abstract: In 1911, the Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was overthrown by a revolution, which also ended the monarchical government in China. Actively participating in the preparation of the ideology of the revolution, the young intellectuals realized that nation-building was an effective means of creating a mass base. The pro-republican, revolutionary young intelligentsia found the legendary Yellow Emperor (Huang Di) to be the most suitable figure to forge the mass of Han people into a nation, making him the “first ancestor”. They tried to define and explain the concept of the Han nation primarily and necessarily in opposition to the oppressive Manchu nation, during which process a peculiar Chinese racial theory system matured. This article studies this process based on the revolutionary pamphlet published in 1903 by Zou Rong (1885–1905).

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