İran'da Faaliyet Yürüten Nakşibendî- Hâlidî Şeyhlerinin Sünnî Kültüre Katkısı
Naqshbandî-Khalidî Sheikhs Working in Iran Contribution to Sunni Culture

Summary/Abstract: Iran has a special place among Islamic countries with its geographical location and historical and cultural structure. The political, social, and cultural heritage dating back to pre-Islamic times has evolved into a new process after Islam. Iran preferred and represented the second of the sectarian identities expressed as Sunnism and Shiism (Imâmiyya) among Muslims. Shiism, whose influence began to increase during the Ilkhanate period in the 14th century and evolved into a new process with the Safawids in the 16th century, shaped the fields of politics, society, science, and mysticism in Iran. In this context, the activities of all kinds of institutional structures and personalities that adopt the idea of Ahl as-Sunnah are restricted. Sufi orders, which have strong social support among the Sunni population of Iran, have also been adversely affected by this situation. While some members of the Sufi orders were executed, others migrated to Ottoman lands. The members of the Sufi who remained in Iran had to endure many difficulties to maintain the Sunni culture. In the first quarter of the 19th century, Naqshbandi-Khalidism began to spread among the Sunni people in Iran, as in many parts of the Middle East. The Khalidi sheikhs brought dynamism to the Sunni Sufi tradition and the Sunni culture in general. With the mobile madrasah and lodge model, the Khalidi sheikhs had the opportunity to reach rural areas far from the cities, thus contributing to the revival of the Sunni culture, which was weakened in a wide area of Iran. Contributed to the training of Sunni intellectual personalities with the madrasahs and dervish lodges established, the delivery of Sunni culture to the public was ensured with the sermons given in the mosques and the conversation circles created. This success of the Khalidi sheikhs in Iran disturbed some circles. These circles did not hesitate to take the matter until some of the Khalidi sheikhs died by burning. This study aims to reveal in general terms what kind of effort the Khalidi sheikhs operating in Iran in the 19th century tried to revive the Sunni culture and their relations with the Ottoman Empire and Iran by examining documents and partially archiving documents.

• Details
• Contents