СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНА НУМІЗМАТИКА В УКРАЇНІ: ІСТОРІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
MEDIEVAL NUMISMATICS IN UKRAINE: THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH

Summary/Abstract: The necessity of studying the problems of medieval numismatics has been multiply identified by scientists as an actual and promising direction of numismatic researches in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to summarize the current condition of the medieval numismatics researches in Ukraine, identifying the most comprehensively and qualitatively studied periods and topics, as well as identify the «white spots» as the most promising for research and little-studied episodes in the history of monetary circulation in Ukraine during the Middle Ages. The scientific novelty is. On the basis of the analysis of the results of studies of medieval numismatics in Ukraine the most promising directions of numismatic research and the least researched components in this period have been determined. Historiographical studies in Ukrainian numismatics are currently few in number. One of the first works on the historiography of medieval numismatics in Ukraine was carried out by Natalia Turmis under the scientific supervision of Professor Roman Shust. In recent decades, Ukrainian numismatics has been enriched by a large number of works, which requires a rethinking of the achievements of domestic numismatics. At the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries, the issue of scientific study and use in scientific research of materials from unofficial unauthorized searches for coins, demarcating inadmissible elements and possible directions of using materials of «black archeology» in modern research. Researchers study medieval numismatics in independent Ukraine using a wide variety of sources – archive materials, museum collections, newspaper publications and Internet resources. Coin catalogs are a popular type of publication among scholars and collectors. Finds of individual coins and treasure deposits were used as the main source in the study of trade and economic relations of individual regions of Ukraine, as well as textbooks on numismatics and general works on the history of monetary circulation. Researchers have published works on the history of money circulation in individual regions, in particular: Volhynia, Podillia, Podniprovya, South, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the problem of coin forgery. The technological aspects of the production of coins of the Middle Ages are considered in the context of the accumulation of the necessary knowledge for the implementation of an art expertize. A number of studies have been devoted to the finds of coins of the late Roman Empire and Byzantium. Regarding the coins of European states of the 9th-12th centuries, the greatest attention was paid to the finds of English, German and Scandinavian coins, and the aspect of their imitation was also carefully studied. Interest in the coins of the Grand Duchy of Kyiv dates back to the 19th century, and independent Ukraine could not ignore these issues. Coin-weight ingots of the hryvnia in independent Ukraine were studied in the focus of their forgeries, suggesting forward various hypotheses in this regard. The coins of the Golden Horde were studied mainly in the focus of the introduction into scientific circulation of previously undetected die varieties, as well as the study of the problem of forgeries. The circulation of the Prague grosz acquired a number of features on the territory of Ukraine, the most famous researchers concentrated their efforts on the study of the clipping of the Prague grosz, countermarked coins, and treasure finds, determining the ways in which these coins arrived in Ukraine. Considerable attention was paid to the study of the classic coinage of the Podil princes Kostyantyn Koriatovich and his son Yuriy in Smotrych. The Conclusions. In general, significant results have been achieved in the study of the coins of Ulus Jucha, Galician Rus, the Principality of Podillia, coins of Bohemia, coins of Volodymyr Olherdovich, coins of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Principality of Moldavia, and the Ottoman Empire. In our opinion, the results of the research on the coins of Byzantium, Old Rus, hryvnia weight ingots, coins of Venice and Bulgaria, the kingdom of Poland, the Crimean Khanate, the Tatar-Genoese aspers of Kafa and Tana are insufficient.

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