Przypadki Alaski i Svalbardu jako przykład odchodzenia Federacji Rosyjskiej od konceptu „szczególności Arktyki” po 24 lutego 2022 roku
The cases of Alaska and Svalbard as an example of the Russian Federation moving away from the concept of the “particularity of the Arctic” after February 24, 2022

Summary/Abstract: This article examines the rise of Russian public claim to Alaska in the US, challenging Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard. Both cases are analyzed in light of the theoretical framework of the English school of international relations, which presupposes that the international community is governed by treaty provisions and norms of conduct, as well as principles and values shared by its members. For this reason, the main part of the article focuses on the analysis of the treaty provisions and their implementation. Based on this, it was concluded that the rhetoric towards Alaska and Svalbard adopted by the Russian government represents Russia’s departure from the norms and principles constituting the Arctic regime (the so-called exceptionalism) and the implementation in the High North of foreign policy tools which, although typical for the Kremlin in other parts of the world, have not yet been applied in the Arctic. Then, in accordance with the theoretical presumptions of the English school of international relations, it was verified whether the Russian policy in the Arctic in these cases violated the principles underlying the particularity of the region established within the framework of the Arctic international society.

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