ROSYJSKIE OPERACJE SPECJALNE A TZW. DOKTRYNA GIERASIMOWA
RUSSIAN SPECIAL OPERATIONS AND THE SO-CALLED GERASIMOV DOCTRINE

Summary/Abstract: The article assesses the possible forms of influence of Russian special services on the states of NATO's eastern flank. The task of Russian special operations is to expand the so-called outer ring of defense, they are also supposed to complement A2 / AD (Anti-Access / Area Denial) undertakings. On the other hand, in a situation of growing crisis or real armed conflict (of low intensity), they are to constitute one of the operational activities of the armed forces. The adopted formula of activities assumes the conduct of mutually coordinated undertakings aimed at influencing the political establishment and public opinion of NATO and EU member states, as well as obtaining influence on economic processes. On the other hand, in the military dimension, they are part of operational activities selectively directed against the most important targets and objects of the enemy. Recognized goals and effects of Russian special operations allow us to conclude that they use both military influence and actions of government agencies and private entities. The dominant formula remains the so-called unconventional operations and indirect actions, adapted to the internal situation in the countries of NATO's eastern flank, aimed at gaining influence over the way their policies are conducted. The adopted formula of influence means that the defense system of NATO member states should take into account not only preparation for a defense operation, an integral part of which is protection against subversion and sabotage, but also the conduct of a full range of counterintelligence activities and the elimination of social disinformation and infiltration of state structures.

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