E-Commerce and Sustainable Development in the European Union: A Comprehensive Analysis of SDG2, SDG12, and SDG13
E-Commerce and Sustainable Development in the European Union: A Comprehensive Analysis of SDG2, SDG12, and SDG13

Summary/Abstract: The rapid expansion of e-commerce has revolutionised glob- al trade and connectivity, bringing forth both opportunities and challenges for sustainable growth in European Union (EU) countries. This study aims to investigate the impact of e-commerce on key sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the EU, specifically focusing on SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG13 (Climate Action). To analyse the influence of e-commerce on the selected SDGs, this study adopts two distinct approach- es: the panel-corrected standard error (static estimation) approach and the system generalised method of moments (dynamic estimation) approach. The investigation yields sig- nificant insights into the role of e-commerce in shaping the achievement of the aforementioned SDGs. The findings indi- cate that e-commerce has the potential to enhance food dis- tribution networks, thus improving access to nutritious food in certain regions. However, concerns are raised regarding increased food waste and its impact on food availability for vulnerable populations. Additionally, the study highlights the environmental implications of e-commerce, particularly in terms of excessive packaging waste and carbon emissions from logistics. Based on empirical findings, policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders should develop targeted strate- gies to capitalise on the positive impacts of e-commerce while addressing the challenges thereof in the context of sustainable development. Recommended measures include optimising delivery routes, promoting sustainable packaging practices, and integrating green technology into e-commerce operations to effectively align e-commerce with the SDGs.

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