Important functions of serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract
Important functions of serotonin in the gastrointestinal tract

Summary/Abstract: Introduction:The gastrointestinal tract contains the largest endocrine organ in the human body, which includes various types of enteroendocrine cells. The best characterized subset of enteroendocrine cells are the enterochromaffin cells and are found in the intestinal mucosa. These cells are responsible for the release of various biologically active compounds, including serotonin (5 HT). Research objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of serotonin (5 HT) in various functions and disease pathogenesis, with a focus on the gut. Core of work: Serotonin (5 HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is known for its many complex and multifaceted biological functions. It modulates mood, regulates body temperature, sleep, appetite, and cognitive function in the central nervous system. However, more than 90 % of serotonin is synthesized and stored in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin acts primarily through its receptors. When 5 HT interacts with its receptors, it regulates several physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, such as fluid absorption and secretion and peristaltic reflexes. The basic physiological functions of serotonin are reasonably well understood and described. But it is becoming increasingly clear that 5 hydroxytryptamine also plays a role in disease processes, particularly those related to inflammation. Conclusion: The role of serotonin in the physiology and pathophysiology of GIT disorders remains an unanswered question after various studies. But it is becoming increasingly clear that serotonin plays a key role and is associated with inflammatory processes that lead to many GIT disorders.

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