İSPANYA ÖZERKLİK TARİHİ ve AYRILIKÇI BASK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ
THE HISTORY OF SPANISH AUTONOMY AND SEPARATIST BASQUE NATIONALISM

Summary/Abstract: In a sense, the political history of Spain is considered as the arena of the power struggle of ethnically recognized nations against the central power. The Basques, whose ethnic difference is the most dominant in linguistic and cultural terms, have always been in a privileged position against any central power in Spain, thanks to the privileges called Foral rights that they brought from the Middle Ages onwards. This advocacy of rights, which has been accompanied by a strong sense of nationalism especially since the 19th century, has also led to the formation of separatist movements. The scope of this study is the development of nationalism in the Basque Country, which has always kept separatist claims on the agenda. The 1978 Constitution, although it could be a solution to ethnic problems by granting rights to regional self-governments, has been questioned for the future due to its legal flexibility that allows the increasing demands for autonomy of historical nationalities such as Basque Country and Catalonia to turn into secessionist referendums.

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