Znaczenie rolnictwa w Polsce na obszarach ONW jako źródła dóbr publicznych w kontekście polityki rolnej UE
The Importance of Agriculture from ANC’s Areas in Poland as a Source of Public Goods in the Context of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy

Summary/Abstract: The study aimed to establish the role of institutions in neoclassical economics and New Institutional Economics (NIE) in the context of supporting agriculture in areas facing natural or other specific constraints (ANC’s areas) in providing society public goods related to the protection of the natural environment. A parallel objective was to indicate, in municipal terms, the state of agriculture in ANC’s areas in comparison with agriculture in other areas, as well as to determine the direction of development of selected measures of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) specifically serving this purpose. These measures are agri-environmental-climate measure (AECM), “organic farming” and afforestation. In addition, statistically significant factors were identified that, in farms from municipalities with exceptionally high saturation of utilised agricultural area (UAA)on ANC’s areas determined their propensity to participate in these measures. To achieve these objectives of the study, domestic and foreign literature on neoclassical economics and NIE was analysed. Data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2004 to 2021 and data from farms present in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2021 were used. It was determined that in 2021 94.1% of the total area of the analysed measures occurred in municipalities with ANC’s areas. In municipalities with an exceptionally high saturation of them, the factor of greater willingness of farms to implement them turned out to be the fact of having less income without operating subsidies per hectare of UAA, the higher educational level of the farmer and his agricultural orientation, the presence of other farms in municipalities participating in these measures, as well as having a larger area of UAA and their location in Natura 2000 areas.

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