İslâm Düşüncesinde Âyet ile Tehaddî Yaklaşımı ve Bunun Tahlîli
The Approach of Challenge to Produce a Single Verse of Qur’ān (al-Tahaddī with Āyat) in Islamic Thought and Its Analysis

Summary/Abstract: While viewing the al-Qur’ān al-Karīm’s inimitability literature, it’s perceived that scholars endeavor to find out some solutions about the meaning of i‘jāz, the nature of the challenge (tahaddī) and how this phenomenon occurs. They assert many theories on this subject by associating it with nazm, fasāha and balāga. On this basis, the theories of scholars on the theme of how much of the Qur’ān is a miracle and the minimum amount of challenge to their opponents can be classified as “challenge with eternal speech (al-kalām al-kadīm)”, “challenge with Qur’ān”, “challenge with turning away/incapacitation (as-sarfa)”, “challenge with surah” and “challenge with the verse”. Among these theories, the challenge with the verse is the topic of the present study. Pursuant to this approach, verses or parts of verses, which are the smallest unit of the Qur’ān, are miraculous, and opponents are challenged with them. This theory is scattered among the basic classics of Islamic literature and can hardly be detected between the lines of the related works. Despite this difficulty, the names of some scholars on this subject can be identified. Abū al-Hasan al-Ash‘arī, al-Rummānī, al-Bākıllānī, Ibn Hazm, Abū Ya‘lā al-Farrā, al-Kalvazānī, Kādī ‘Iyāz, Sayf al-Dīn al-Āmidī, Ibn Taymiyyah, Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkaşī, al-Birmāvī, Ibn Ḥadjar al-‘Askalānī, Alī al-Kārī, Abdulganī b. Shākir, Rahmatullāh al-Hindī, Muhammed Anvar Kasmīrī, Muhammed al-Zurkānī, Muhammed al-Gamrāvī and Nūr al-Dīn ‘Itr are among those who adopt the approach of challenge with verse in Islamic thought. Therefore, it is determined that there are proponents of this approach from both the classical and modern periods. It’s seen that some of the scholars in question, taking the number of verses of Sûrah alKawthar as a measure, argue that the lowest limit of the challenge is three verses or a single verse that is equal to the volume of three verses of it. Based on this approach, the number of miracles challenged and contained by the Qur’ān will exceed two thousand since there is a consensus that there are about six thousand two hundred verses in the Qur’ān.

• Details
• Contents