Királyhűség, állampolgári lojalitás, nemzeti identitás. Többes kötődések a dualizmus kori
Fidelity to the King, Citizen Loyalty and National Identity. Multiple Loyalties in Hungary of Austro–Hungarian Monarchy

Summary/Abstract: The multi-ethnical community of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy provides an intriguing field of exploration for the research of loyalties and identities that existed parallelly and sometimes in competition with one another. It is to this topic that the paper aims to contribute by surveying methodological considerations and offering some problem-articulating thoughts. After the Compromise of 1867, in Hungary the norms of the modern bureaucratic state coexisted with the forms of behaviour that were inherited from the preceding premodern society. The authors demonstrate this duality through the relationship between fidelity of subjects and loyalty of citizens, and then examine the relationship of this latter bond with national identity through an investigation of the state symbols. They come to the conclusion that the Hungarian state subjected its own citizens to a kind of forced loyalty test, but in symbolic conflicts with the nationalistic aspirations it generally came off worse.

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