Murowany zamek prokuratorów krzyżackich w Bytowie w średniowieczu Chronologia wznoszenia, rozplanowanie i układ przestrzenny
The Medieval Brick Castle of the Teutonic Pflegers in Bytów: Construction Chronology, Layout and Spatial Arrangement

Summary/Abstract: Teutonic castles in Prussia have long captivated the interest of scholars, with greater emphasis placed on the fortresses of Teutonic commanders and, notably, Malbork Castle. Lesser attention, however, has been given to the castles of lower-ranking Teutonic offi- cials. One such castle is the Teutonic Pflegers’ fortress in Bytów, which stands to this day. Research on this site has been ongoing since the early 20th century, primarily conducted by art historians who have predominantly relied on architectural elements to delve into the castle’s construction chronology and spatial arrangement. Remarkably, numerous writ- ten accounts, both medieval and modern (16th–17th centuries), have been preserved con- cerning this castle. By incorporating these historical documents alongside archaeological findings made over the past three decades, the authors have reassessed prior conclusions about the castle’s early history and reconstituted its medieval spatial layout. Regrettably, lit- tle information is available regarding the initial residence of the Teutonic Pflegers in Bytów during the latter half of the 14th century. The brick castle was erected around the turn of the 15th century, displaying a rectangular design with four corner towers. The primary build- ing was located on the northwestern side. Within the courtyard, a distinctive feature was a transverse wall that divided the castle into two sections, viewing from the side of the kitchen. This architectural choice was distinct from other fortifications of Teutonic officials constructed in the first half of the 15th century in Prussia. The design of the castle in By- tów was innovative, while its architecture and spatial layout were to align with the evolving demands of warfare, such as the development of firearms.

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