Social Policies for the Strengthening of Women’s Contribution in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): The Case of Albania
Social Policies for the Strengthening of Women’s Contribution in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM): The Case of Albania

Summary/Abstract: The world will only progress partially if half its population performs at total capacity. That means that women and men should contribute equally to every aspect of life, including science and innovation. Only 30% of females who finish higher education choose Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields worldwide. Likewise, women exceed men in the programs of bachelor’s and master’s degrees, still in doctorate studies, which are the initial bases for a career in science and innovation; the contrary happens. The Albanian Gender Index 2020 showed that the country is rated 7 points down (60.4) compared with the EU (67.4) average. This paper is about the underrepresentation of women in STEM in Albania and aims to bring an overall perspective to the problem, from the policymakers to the women involved in science and innovation. Therefore, after reviewing international awareness, national policies and strategies, we will explore the policymaker’s and scientific women’s perspectives through the qualitative method. The discussion will follow with cases of good practices in other countries in order to answer the research question: is AlbaniaKeywords: Women, STEM, Albania, policy-making

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