Exploring the complexity of the migration phenomenon within the European Union
Exploring the complexity of the migration phenomenon within the European Union

Summary/Abstract: The movement of people from one place to another due to either social, political, demographic, economic or environmental factors represents a real challenge for the member states of the European Union, eager to have secure external borders and an accurate number and territorial distribution of the population. The phenomenon of migration has known intense periods throughout the history of mankind, but on the European level the most resounding was the refugee crisis of 2015, two decades after the establishment of the European Union through the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty. This exodus was followed by the peak on the Gaussian curve represented by the flow of emigrants caused by the invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II to date. The European Union and the member states were thus put in a position to deal with the management of the phenomenon and the migration flows, to create strong institutions, efficient instruments and clear procedures, along with specific rules. But in addition to external migration, internal migration is equally significant, which is based on multiple pressure and attraction factors, both of which affect the social structure of a state. Thus, the approach and understanding of the phenomenon of migration, the determination of the causes and reasons behind leaving the native places and the identification of the economic and social implications produced are essential elements for a more efficient management of migration in the future by European actors.

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