Cesta do českobratrského státu: právo a transformace v myšlení Břetislava Kalandry
The Path into the Czech Brother State: The Right and Transformation in the Thinking of Břetislav Kalandra

Summary/Abstract: The article is dedicated to a forgotten physician, devoted enlightener, and political activist, Břetislav Kalandra (1872–1930), and selected topics of his programme text ‘Through Socialisation Politics to the Czech Brother State’ published at the end of the winter of 1919. Its author, a peculiar advocate of democratic socialism, formulated a brief and complex idea of the gradual, peaceful, and extensive transformation of society from capitalism to socialism. In addition to some more common bases (the concept of socialism and democracy in Kalandra’s thinking), the author of the article mainly discusses Kalandra’s concept of the main principles of socialisation, his ideas of the all-embracing property reform in the country (agricultural and forest land reform) and towns (housing areas, building plots). Kalandra promoted gradual, long-term, and rather thorough transformation that, however, also provided the dispossessed with some long-term compensation benefits. The second interesting range of Kalandra’s thinking was his concept of the radical reform of criminal law and the procedure of prosecution, in accord with socialist ideas designed not only to eliminate the death penalty and humanise criminal law, but also to gradually and broadly do away with the imprisonment of people, save for exceptional cases, and to medicalise and tailor the criminal approach to the individual, by which he anticipated the modern efforts to integrate former convicts into normal life.

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