Миграцията за Източна Европа и ситуацията в България: развитие и предизвикателства за националните политики
MIGRATION OF EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TRENDS AND CHALLENGES FOR NATIONAL POLICIES

Summary/Abstract: Since 1989 East European countries became an important source of immigrants for the developed countries in the world in general, and in West European countries, in particular. Bulgaria ranges among the countries with highest emigration levels. In the same time, Bulgaria became an attractive destination for third-country nationals from the Middle East. However, in most East European countries, emigration rates remain higher than immigration rates. That process continues for over two decades, although its dynamics are settling down in the past few years. It is a process leading to decrease in national population, severe limitation of reproductive potential, numbers and quality of the human resources and potential for sustainable economic and social development. In that way, migration processes in Eastern European countries and in Bulgaria, in particular, pose a major challenge for their future and for their migration and integration policies. More and more women are involved in the migration flows, who often find jobs in the domestic service sector, assisting for the externalization of domestic/household labour and majority women’s inclusion in the sectors of paid labour, vocational and career fulfillment. Contemporary migration processes are predetermined by the imbalances of the economic and social developments in Europe and in the world but also by the various situations at the labour markets. The on-going economic downturn and financial crisis also affects migration flows, fosters mobility and aggravates immigrants’ õ adequate integration policy. remains high, while the considerable geographic movements of population require insecurity. However, although reduced, the need of immigrant workforce in Europe

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