TUREYSİSÎ’NİN KUR’ÂN TE’VİLİNDEKİ İHTİLAF NEDENLERİNE VE MÜTEŞÂBİHE YAKLAŞIMI
TURAYSISI'S APPROACH TO THE REASONS OF DISAGREEMENT IN THE TA’WIL OF THE QUR'AN AND MUTASHABIH

Summary/Abstract: There is no information about Rukn al-Dīn Abu Tahir al-Turaysī, a Mutazilite scholar, in the books of tabāqāt. The author evaluates the verses related to the issues of belief from a theological perspective in his work titled Mutashābih al-Qur'ān, which has survived to the present day. Criticising the methods of the Hashwiyya, Rafiza and Batiniyya sects in their approach to the ta’wil of the Qur'an, al-Turaysisī defends the Muʿtazilite approach based on reason and linguistic analysis. According to al-Ṭuraysisī, the association, istikaq (etymology), and ijmal (brief) in the wording cause disagreement in the ta’wil. Unless there is a presumption, the literal meaning of the word is not left, and the metaphoric meaning is not used. The Prophet's words and deeds are the source of explanation for the Shariah concepts, such as prayer and zakat, which need clarification. Issues such as attribution, mujawarah, and exception lead to disputes in terms of verse (poetry), while excess, hazif, and the misuse of the expression in its place lead to the emergence of disputes in terms of metaphor. Issues such as detaching the verses from their contexts, compiling unrelated verses, and not evaluating the verses holistically also cause disagreement in the ta’wil. According to al-Turaysī, the basic principles that ensure the correctness of the meaning in the ta’wil are reason, the Qur'an, the Sunnah, Ijma (consensus), and the Arabic language. In order to obtain the correct ta’wil, the ta’wils must be presented to them. Since Allah praises those who believe in the mutashabih verses and condemns those who pursue the interpretation of the verses, al-Turaysisī is of the opinion that even those who have deep knowledge of science do not know the meaning of the mutashabih.

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