TÜRKİYE’DE GELİR DAĞILIMI ÇALIŞMALARI VE GELİR DAĞILIMINDA SOSYAL TRANSFERLERİN ETKİSİNİN TÜRKİYE VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI
COMPARING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL TRANSFERS ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN TÜRKİYE AND THE EU

Summary/Abstract: The aim of social policies is to eliminate economic, political and social inequalities and to ensure justice in distribution. One of the important reasons for the deterioration of social justice is unjust income distribution. In this sense, practices aimed at eliminating income inequality gain importance in ensuring social justice. Income inequality and poverty are among the most important economic and social problems that need to be solved in the world and in Türkiye. Social transfers are the most important policy instruments to eliminate income inequalities. The primary income distribution, which is formed according to market conditions, forms the secondary income distribution after the social assistance provided within the scope of social policies. Social assistance aims to prevent injustice in income distribution and reduce poverty. Social assistance practices aimed at correcting income distribution and combating poverty vary according to the economic development levels of countries and the shares they allocate to social policies. In this study, the extent of the change in income distribution of EU countries and Türkiye before and after social transfers is analysed through Gini Coefficient and evaluations are made according to the comparison results obtained. Based on the descriptive analysis method, the data of the Statistical Office of the European Union were used in the study. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the change in the Gini Coefficient before and after social transfers in Türkiye is low compared to EU countries. In many countries with a higher Gini Coefficient than Türkiye before social transfers, social transfers seem to have a corrective effect on income distribution. In terms of policies aimed at ensuring fair income distribution and eliminating poverty, it is important to examine the reasons underlying Türkiye’s lowest Gini coefficient change before and after social transfers in comparison with EU countries.

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