el-Keşşâf’ta Hz. Peygamber’e Nispet Edilen Kıraatlerin Tahlili
Analysis of the Qiraats Attributed to the Prophet in al-Kashshāf

Summary/Abstract: Qira'ahs, which contain the performance qualities of the words of the Holy Qur'an, are among the important subjects of many Islamic sciences. In particular, qiraat, which is one of the basic subjects of the science of tafsīr, occupies a significant place in the tafsīr of al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144), one of the symbolic figures of this science. The approach of al-Zamakhsharī, who frequently refers to qiraat disputes in his tafsīr al-Kashshāf, is important because it influenced the commentators after him. He sometimes touches on the proof and sometimes the relative aspects of the Qira’ahs he deals with.Approaching the qiraat from a linguistic perspective, Zamakhsharī emphasizes the offensive nature of the related qiraat, especially in language. In addition, he does not neglect to mention the names of those who recite with the pronunciation he mentions most of the time. Among those he mentioned are the imams of the sahih qiraat (the imams of qiraat al-asharah), the imams of the shāz qiraat, and the people of the salaf who are famous for their qiraat. This attitude of the commentator also reveals his familiarity with the subject. In addition to the sahih qiraat, alKashshāf also includes many shāz qiraat. From time to time, the commentator goes into the narrative basis of some pronunciations, whether they are sahih or shāz, and attributes the relevant pronunciation to the tābi'een, the Companions, or even the Prophet. However, a problem stands out during this attribution. This is the issue of the authenticity of these pronunciations. For a qiraat to be authentic, it must come from a script that is accepted among the qiraatists, and it must be written according to the Arabic language and the orthography of one of the mushafs dictated by 'Uthman. In many places, the commentator only uses precise and clear statements such as "This is the qiraat of the Prophet" and does not feel the need to evaluate the pronunciation or refer to a source. The shāz qiraats that the Prophet is said to have recited in this tafsīr also attracted the attention of the translators of the Keşşâf Tefsiri published by the Yazma Eserler Kurumu (YEK), and they included the following sentence under the title "Qirāats in al-Kashshāf" in their evaluation of the subject: "The most interesting of these is probably the qiraat attributed to the Prophet, but not included in the mutawatir qiraats." This determination necessitates an in-depth study of this qiraat in al-Kashshāf. However, despite its importance, no study has been found on this subject. This study aims to identify, confirm and criticize the qiraat attributed to the Prophet in al-Kashshāf. First of all, the number of these qiraats mentioned in the work, their sources and their isnāt were determined, and then the way they were found among the Qiraat imams was revealed. According to our findings, al-Zamakhshari does not attach special importance to the attribution of a qiraat to the Prophet and does not look at the authenticity and fame of the narration and the qiraat. This approach of his was not accepted by hadith scholars and qiraatists alike.

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