Fergana Vadisi’nde Sınır Sorunlarının Kaynağı: Anklavlar ve Çözüm Arayışları
The Source of Border Issues in the Fergana Valley: Enclaves and the Tackling of the Border Demarcation Problem

Summary/Abstract: Fergana Valley has been a region where various societies have lived together from past to present. These societies were divided into different artificial states after the national border demarcation process carried out by the Soviet Union. The borders of the states in question were drawn in a way that was not compatible with the structure of the region, without considering the problems that might arise in the future, and then the land changes made at the local level during the collective farm period made the borders even more complex. While regional borders, which were seen as internal borders during the Soviet Union, did not pose any problems between societies; with the collapse of the Soviet Union, they became international borders and caused conflicts. Although some of the border problems, especially between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, have been resolved today, the enclaves in the Fergana Valley continue to exist. The problems that enclaves have due to their nature can be prevented for a while by loosening visa applications. However, the tense relations between the state owing the enclave and the state in which the enclave is located make this situation temporary. Therefore, for a permanent solution, these enclaves must be replaced with lands of the same size and eliminated. This study clarifies the complex history and current situation of borders and enclave problems in the Fergana Valley and systematically analyzes this issue with a holistic approach in the framework of causality.

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