Wyzwania dla chińskiej dyplomacji w 2023 roku: Ukraina, Bliski Wschód i Azja Południowo-Wschodnia
Challenges for the Chinese diplomacy in 2023: Ukraine, Middle East, and South-East Asia

Summary/Abstract: This chapter examines the formidable challenges confronting Chinese diplomacy in 2023, centring on three pivotal regions: Ukraine, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. It focuses on China’s intricate relations with the United States and Russia, highlighting its efforts to maintain equilibrium between these major powers. Moreover, it explores the far-reaching implications of the Ukraine crisis for China’s regional and global interests, alongside its endeavours to bolster influence in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Throughout the analysis, the authors scrutinize various issues, including the strained relations between the US and China, persistent tensions exacerbated by the Taiwan dispute, trade conflicts, and human rights considerations. The Ukraine crisis further complicates the bilateral relationship, with China’s neutral stance drawing criticism from both sides. Despite deepening strategic ties with Russia, in 2023, China exercised caution to avoid jeopardizing its relations with the US, facing mounting pressure from both sides to adopt a more unequivocal position. In addition, the chapter addresses concerns over regional security and stability, particularly regarding China’s expanding economic and military prowess, which has stirred apprehension in the Philippines, notably in the case of the South China Sea dispute. It evaluates China’s efforts to manage territorial disputes, foster regional cooperation, and advance its strategic interests amidst the complex geopolitical dynamics shaped by the Ukraine crisis and the ongoing US-China rivalry. In conclusion, the chapter assesses the future trajectory of Chinese diplomacy and its implications for the global order. It underscores the challenges and opportunities inherent in China’s diplomatic endeavours amidst evolving international relations dynamics, especially visible on the United Nations forum.

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