İKTİSATTA ORTODOKSİ SORUNU
THE PROBLEM OF ORTHODOXY IN ECONOMICS

Summary/Abstract: The perspective on economic events has mostly been shaped within the framework of glorifying the market concept. Historically, the approaches of economic thought have mostly approached economic events with a focus on making profit. As a result of this situation, the economic thought called ‘neoclassical’ economics, which was shaped especially at the beginning of the 20th century, came to the fore as mainstream economics. Mainstream economics occupies an orthodox place as a dominant economic view in economics. Orthodoxy, in the most general sense, can be defined as the dominant position in any thought that is accepted as mainstream. In economics, ‘neoclassical economics’ and all its derivatives can be called orthodox economics. Heterodoxy, on the other hand, can be considered as ideas that deviate from the mainstream in any thought. In this respect, the question of whether there is univocality or polyphony in economics has been on the discussion agenda of science for a very long time. In this context, studies that prioritise univocity/mainstream economics in economics can be evaluated and considered as an orthodoxy approach. Based on this idea, this study will try to examine the origins and historical situation of the problem of orthodoxy in economics and the perspective of heterodoxy (and the basic arguments of economic views that can be evaluated in this context). In other words, the study will first discuss why neoclassical economics, which is called mainstream, has been referred to with this definition for a long time, and why other economic currents that produce arguments against it arepositioned in this way.

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