MİLLİ DEVLETÇİLİK BAĞLAMINDA AZERBAYCAN CUMHURİYETİ’NİN EĞİTİM SİYASETİ (1918-1920)
EDUCATION POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL STATEHOOD (1918-1920)

Summary/Abstract: After Azerbaijan was occupied by Tsarist Russia from the beginning of the 19th century, it faced the regime's assimilation policy in the field of education as in every field. The regime, which aimed to raise a society loyal to itself, on the one hand, gave importance to Russian education by establishing new schools in the region, and on the other hand, it tried to prevent the right of Azerbaijani youth to higher education. Nevertheless, families with means sent their children to different universities in Russia to get an education. The young people who completed their education returned home and devoted their knowledge and experience to the enlightenment of the people. As a result, at the beginning of the 20th century, an intellectual class with national spirit and modern views was born in Azerbaijan. Through schools, newspapers and political organizations, this class, with all its efforts, opened the horizons of the people and planted the seed of the idea that would lead Azerbaijan to independence in their minds. Thus, while the desire for independence became the main goal of the society, the revolutions in Russia created other conditions for the road to independence. As a result, on May 28, 1918, the intellectual class of that time made Azerbaijan independent. In this study, the actions of the government of the independent Republic of Azerbaijan between 1918-1920 in the field of education in the context of national statehood were analyzed. Despite its short existence of only 23 months, the government's efforts to open national schools in the region, train cadres, establish universities and send students abroad were written in full detail. In this context, archival records, newspapers and source works from the period were meticulously reviewed and used in the writing of the text.

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