Cinsiyete Dayalı Ücret Ayrımcılığı: Amerika’daki Türk Göçmenler Arasında Bir Değerlendirme
Gender-Based Wage Discrimination: An Evaluation Among Turkish Immigrants in America

Summary/Abstract: The high rate of gender-based discrimination experienced in the homeland is among the reasons for the migration of highly skilled immigrants. This article focuses on Turks who immigrated to the United States and explores whether high gender wage discrimination in the home country persists in the host country. Descriptive statistics, Two-Step Heckman Selection, and Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition methods were used to analyze the data from the American Community Survey (census data) between 2000 and 2021. The labor force participation rate of Turkish women in the United States is two-thirds of the labor force participation rate of Turkish men. This rate is similar to the labor force participation rates of women and men in Turkey. However, the average labor force participation rate of women in the United States is considerably higher than the labor force participation rate of Turkish women in the United States. In other words, in terms of labor force participation rates, conditions in Turkey have moved to the United States. The unemployment rates of Turkish female and male immigrants are almost at the same level in the labor force population. Among Turkish immigrants, the negative effect of being a woman was found to have a greater impact on labor income than the positive effect of being married. Additionally, Turkish female immigrants in the United States face a 16.2% pay gap due to gender-based discrimination compared to male immigrants. While this rate reveals that Turkish women are exposed to gender-based wage discrimination at almost the same rate as other women in the United States, it remains low compared to gender-based wage discrimination in Turkey.

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