Unraveling Capability & Capacity of Parallel Diplomacy Governance in Indonesia: How Far Are Indonesia’s Regional Governments Ready to Go?
Unraveling Capability & Capacity of Parallel Diplomacy Governance in Indonesia: How Far Are Indonesia’s Regional Governments Ready to Go?

Summary/Abstract: Nowadays, diplomatic practices are carried out by state actors and other actors, one of which is regional actors. Regional actors have now conducted international relations based on regional needs from various sectors. This phenomenon is common in mainland Europe, even the diplomatic practices carried out by regional actors have entered and developed in Indonesia. This can be reviewed through the governance of parallel diplomacy in Indonesia, built by legal aspects, parallelism, and implementation procedures. Even so, in practice, the capability and capacity of regional governments to carry out parallel diplomacy activities are one of the determinants of the success of regional diplomacy. This research aims to explore the capacity and capabilities of regional actors in Indonesia, both institutionally and personally, by referring to the Concept of Paradiplomacy (Parallel Diplomacy) and governance, Capability, and Capacity. Researchers use a qualitative approach through interviews with several relevant informants, internet-based research, documentation studies, and archival studies. This research found that the capacity and capabilities of regional actors in Indonesia in carrying out parallel diplomacy are still not evenly distributed and optimal. This can be seen through two aspects, namely the different amounts of budget funds and their management which is still less than optimal as well as limited knowledge of regulatory aspects of diplomatic practices by state civil servants in the regions.

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