Бележки и материали по някои спорни въпроси и проблемни тези за похода на полско - унгарския крал Владислав III Варненчик през 1444 г.
Notes and materials on some controversial issues and problematic theses about the campaign of the polish – Hungarian king Wladyslaw III Varnenczyk in 1444

Summary/Abstract: Nearly 580 years ago, in the autumn of 1444, the Bulgarian lands witnessed the unfolding of the „Last Crusade“, led by the Polish-Hungarian king Vladislaus III, famously known as „Varnenchik“, and the Transylvanian voivode Janos Hunyadi. While „that era“ lies over half a millennium distant from our present day, and despite numerous scholarly investigations into the formidable military coalition formed by various medieval Catholic states, it continues to provoke contentious questions and judgments that intrigue researchers. This study aims to synthesize recent perspectives in scientific literature on two principal issues: Firstly – The route of the crusading army between Gorna Oryahovitsa/Tarnovo and Preslav/Shumen. After a meticulous examination of sources and a consideration of the topographical details, it can be inferred that the crusading army traversed the ancient Bulgarian route between Tarnovo and Shumen in the pre-mountainous region of the Balkans. The army likely passed by the fortress, remnants of which are situated to the northwest, in immediate proximity to the present-day town of Omurtag. Secondly – The size of the multinational European army. All available information regarding the number of crusaders published in Bulgarian has been compiled. The data has been scrutinized by types of military units and their corresponding personnel. Consequently, a summary has been crafted, encompassing the total number of participants in the campaign who could have been deployed in battle – ranging from approximately 35,000 to about 62,000 individuals or more.

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