Cultural Diplomacy and Sanctions as Foreign Policy Instruments during a Time of Conflict
Cultural Diplomacy and Sanctions as Foreign Policy Instruments during a Time of Conflict

Summary/Abstract: In 2014, the eu imposed sanctions on the Russian Federation as a consequenceof the annexation of Crimea and the war in eastern Ukraine. At the same time,Austria, the uk, and Germany celebrated cultural diplomacy events with Russia,whereas Poland cancelled the Polish Year planned for 2015 in Russia. Many mem-ber countries of the European Union understood cultural diplomacy as a subnet-work of public diplomacy and ascribed it to the potential for international confl ictprevention in 2014. This article aims to discuss these claims, in line with ForeignPolicy Analysis and to search for any coordination of cultural diplomacy withsanctions at the time of the first stage of the Ukrainian war. The authors con-cluded that the eu countries’ cultural diplomacy and sanctions on Russia werehardly intertwined. Bilateral Years or Seasons of Culture aptly represented the eucountries’ belief that the Russian Federation should not be fully isolated.

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