Курганная Гипотеза Марии Гимбутас: Первая Волна Миграций V Тыс. До Н.Э.
The Kurgan hypothesis of Maria Gimbutas: the first wave of migrations of the 5th millennium BC

Summary/Abstract: The Kurgan hypothesis of M. Gimbutas still remains one of the most popular hypotheses of the IndoEuropean ancestral homeland. Analysis of the archaeological sources underlying the Kurgan hypothesis, especially the “1st Kurgan culture”, reveals the discrepancy between interpretations of modern data. The term “Kurgan culture” seems to be devoid of the content that the researcher put into it, since it reflects not a commonality of archaeological cultures, but a common economic and cultural type. Of all the signs of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in the Kurgan culture I, only one is present, that is, horse breeding, and all the other signs are the result of an incorrect interpretation of archaeological sources. It is obvious that the correlation of the Kurgan Culture I with the ProtoIndo-European languages turns out to be unjustified. The theory about the first wave of migration of the Kurgan Culture I and military expansion to the Balkans by the Sredny Stog culture is not supported by archaeological data. Characteristic weapons are not found in the burials of Sredny Stog culture, and the symbols of power in the form of the stone horse-headed scepters cannot be considered evidence of the existence of “equestrian warriors” and “patriarchal leaders”. Climatic changes, which seriously influenced the living conditions and behavior of the population of the Eneolithic era, were not taken into account.

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