Protester-shield model. Misuse of Jihad by Muslim protesters, and tolerance of this misuse by nonMuslim protesters in pro Palestinian protests in the EU
Protester-shield model. Misuse of Jihad by Muslim protesters, and tolerance of this misuse by nonMuslim protesters in pro Palestinian protests in the EU

Summary/Abstract: In the paper, the author examines the possibility of misuse of jihad by European Muslims (some of which may be jihadists or are motivated by jihadists) and misunderstanding (tolerating) this misuse of jihad by European non-Muslims, both participating in pro-Palestinian protests in Europe which creates a paradoxical situation for both. Non-Muslims are against militant jihadism symbolism and are at the same time tolerating such symbolism. In order to analyze this paradox three steps are taken. In the first part, the description and levels of the paradox are supplied. In the second part, three elements are given: the description of the circumstances in Europe after the Palestinian attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, the elements of possible misuse of jihad (by jihadists), and the description of jihad and jihadism in Europe. In the third part, a conclusion is drawn from the previous premises. Since jihadism is a fact in Europe as well as terrorist attacks by jihadists, there is a possibility and even some probability that jihadists, misusing jihad, are related to Muslims among pro-Palestinian protesters in Europe, which creates a paradoxical situation for non-Muslim members of pro-Palestinian protesters in Europe since they are in the same time against jihad, and jihadist terrorism (Hamas) and pro-Palestine (civilians).

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