Obrasci izbornih reformi u stabilnim demokracijama: Novi Zeland, Italija i Japan
Patterns of electoral Refroms in stable Democracies: New Zealand, Italy and Japan

Summary/Abstract: In stable democracies, radical electoral changes necessitating the alteration of the type of electoral system are very rare. That is why the typological electoral reforms in New Zealand, Italy and Japan in the 1990s generated huge scientific and public interest. In all three cases, the reforms were brought about by profound political crises, primarily by the electoral system crises. The reforms were carried out according to different patterns. The New Zealand electoral reform was an expression of a highly sophisticated intellectual design of political institutions legitimized by a referendum. The Italian reform was exacted through the initiatives and actions of the political and the civilian actors and was also confirmed by a referendum. The Japanese reform was a result of a contingently exacted party arrangement. In all three cases – to the biggest extent in Italy, and to the smallest extent in Japan – the reforms were implemented regardless of the will of the main political parties and most politicians.

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