Образ «врага» в советских мультфильмах 1920 х гг.
The Image of the “Enemy” in Soviet Cartoons of the 1920s

Summary/Abstract: Throughout the history of mankind, one of the components that can change the perception of reality is the “friend — foe” dichotomy. Awareness of the world around us through such a prism allows us to strengthen identity within the “we” group by contrasting ourselves with the “they” group, whose representatives are perceived as dissimilar, hostile towards the “their” group, with which the individual identifies himself. Well-formed images of “we” and “they” at the state level make it possible to mobilize the masses to achieve certain goals, control and direct public relations, and influence the worldview of the population. The most successfully designated construct works in crisis situations, when the “they” group is transformed from the “alien” category into the “enemy” category, which allows, on the one hand, to strengthen the position of the state, on the other hand, to redirect a potential conflict from the “society — power” line to the “friend — foe” plane. In the article, within the framework of historical imagology, an attempt is made to identify and analyze the main characteristics of the image of the enemy, reflected in Soviet cartoon paintings of the 1920s. The construction of this image was carried out in two directions: in relation to the bourgeois/capitalists and in relation to the clergy / senders of religious worship. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in Soviet cartoons of the 1920s, bright, stable and easily identifiable images of the “alien” — “enemy” were created as the complete opposite of “one’s own” — “new Soviet man”, which made it possible to use the created dichotomy as a mechanism of unity, strengthening identity within the new group “we” — Soviet citizens — against the group “they” — the old and/or imperialist society

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