Вршац у средњем веку. I део: од раног средњег века до краја 14. столећа
Vršac in the Middle Ages. Part I: Early Middle Ages - End of 14th Century

Summary/Abstract: The territory of Vršac, town situated in the Southern Banat, were inhabited since prehistory. Traces of early medieval settlements have been discovered on numerous archaeological localities on the wider area of the town. The earliest written mention of Vršac, under its Hungarian name of Ér(d)somlyó, dates from 1227, from the times when the archbishop of Kalocsa exchanged his land property with Hungarian King Andrew II for the town of Požega in Slavonija. Dominican monastery has existed in Vršac since the first half of 13th century. The first information on the royal fortress of Vršac, considered to be built in the decades that followed the Mongolian invasion (1241-1242) was recorded in 1323. The fortress, or a castle of Vršac was situated on a hill rising above the plain of Banat, and was of small proportions (with length of 58, аnd width of 21 m), with elongated foundations, corresponding to the relief, a massive donjon tower on the Eastern, and a semi-spherical tower on the Western side. This fortification has gained on importance from the end of 14th century, with first Ottoman incursions in the Danube basin area. However, there is a limited amount of information on the development of the Érsomlyó settlement, lying underneath the identically named fortification. We can conclude, on the basis of archaeological findings, that the settlement was lying on the elevated surface, stretching from the North-Western and Western slopes of the hill Vršački breg to the edge of the marsh Mali Vršački rit. Ér(d)somlyó was mentioned as a market place in 1330, and as a parish in the year of 1334.

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