Intelektinio kapitalo matavimas ir vertinimas: teorinis aspektas
MEASURING AND ESTIMATING INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL: THEORETICAL ASPECT

Summary/Abstract: Since beginning of last decade research has been conducted in order to define a reliable path to measure companies intellectual capital. Measurement of intellectual capital is still the subject of extensive debate and discussion. Consequently, a variety of models on the measurement and reporting on intellectual capital have been put forward. It is beyond the scope of this study to assess all the respective models put forward. Nonetheless, some general conclusions on what details these models stress should be reported on intellectual capital can be tentatively drawn. Although intellectual capital estimation relevance is emphasized by a lot of capital category researchers (Edvinsson, Malone, 1997; Roos ir kt., 1997; Sveiby, 1998; Sullivan, 1999, 2000; Srassmann, 1998; Lev, 2001; M’Pherson, Pike, 2001; Bontis ir kt., 2002; Andriessen, 2004, Mikulėnienė, 2004; Vaškelienė, 2006 ir kt.), in their researches they don’t come to a solid and finished opinion about value of intellectual capital. Value establishment methods and applicable estimation principles are also not established and distinguished enough. In the retrieval of rational and conventional intellectual capital estimation principles only positive methodological approach is acceptable, when the only comprehensive method is attempted to be found. Though in the authors’ opinion this is not the best choice because estimating intellectual capital the majority of methods refer only to qualitative analysis. It is obvious that the condition of estimating intellectual capital in an organization is complicated by remote quantity of quantitative methods or its absence. Lack of intellectual capital estimation methods may be explained by too narrow examination of intellectual capital as an object. Therefore only forming empirical experience, adjusting it to the existing experience a new methodology may be tried to construct. Having analysed and summarised intellectual capital estimation models they can be grouped into two major groups – micro level and macro level models. Intellectual capital estimation models motivated by company audited financial reports can be set down to macro-level model type – general company intellectual capital estimation. The following intellectual capital estimation models are most widely discussed in scientific literature: market – financial balance value index, Tobin “q” index and calculated immaterial value index. Models do not depend on the choice of intellectual capital definition (Abeysekera, 2003). Indexes intended to intellectual capital analysis of a particular company are set down to micro-level model group. The main idea of indexes is to identify separate elements of intellectual capital and derive their relative proportions. However interpretation of the proportions is complicated enough

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