Erdélyi és magyarországi diákok olvasmányai hollandiai diákéveik alatt a korai újkorban
The Readings of Students from Transylvania and Hungary During their Study in the Netherlands in the Early Modern Age

Summary/Abstract: Hungarian intelectuals in the early Modern Age was almost exclusively educated abroad. It is especially true about Protestant intelectuals since for them there was no higher education within Hungary. After the University of Leiden was founded (1575) getting university education in the Netherlands became more and more popular. However, peregrinatio academica in Holland gained real impetus when in the second year of the Thirty Years’ War the University of Heidelberg was closed down (1622) and the majority of the professors and the students continued teaching and studying in Franeker. Apart from the universities mentioned we can fi nd enrolled Hungarian students in the records of the universities of Utrecht, Groningen, Harderwijk és Deventer. Political contacts among Hungarian and Transylvanian Protestants (especially Calvinists) and Holland states were lively all through this period with some economical connections as well. The present paper discusses the readings of two peregrinus aristocrats, (Mihály Bethlen (1673–1706), és Pál Teleki (1677–1731) during their studies as well as the readings of twelve students whose book lists survived in their peregnination diaries (Stammbuch, Omniarium) or in inventories of assets in the period between 1670 and 1725. The few years spent at a university abroad for students from Transylvania and Hungary presented a unique opportunity never to return for buying books. If they could afford it they made good use of the opportunity. If they could not they had to manage with the not up-to-date literature available in the Carbathian Basin then. The library of their patron aristocrats helped a lot in their orientation (in Transylvania ministers and teachers were allowed to use these libraries until the middle of the eighteenth century). It is worth noting that modern philophy books were more present in private libraries than in contemporary school libraries. Descartes and his followers were our main example in this regard. On the other hand, one can hardly fi nd books by Samuel Maresius, Gisbertus Voetius or Peter David Huet in the booklists of private collections while their presence is much more felt in institutional libraries. Comnparing this body of readings with the books read by non-Hungarian or local students while they were studying there is no signifi cant difference. This came after their completed their studies. The Dutch, the English, the Danish or the German students could count on having all the books needed in their fi eld available for the rest of their lives so when they bought a book it was more specifi c to their discipline. If they wanted to read in a different fi eld they could go to a library or buy one from the always rich variety of books on offer. The Hungarian students wanted to buy manuels and encyclopaedias with the help of which they would have an overview of several disciplines. However, there are exceptions like Pál Jászberényi’s intrerest in modern philosophy or Sámuel Kaposi who intentio

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