Budapest parkjai, 1870–1918. A szisztematikus városi zöldfelület-politika megjelenése
Budapest Parks, 1870–1918. The Emergence of a Consistent Urban Green Area Policy

Summary/Abstract: The first major Budapest park development projects (Városliget, Margitsziget) commenced in the 1860s and 1870s. These coincided with the second wave of urban development in the history of Pest-Buda, which took place between the Compromise of 1867 and the First World War, an age of belated but speedy industrialisation, urban expansion and catching up with the West. Although following the unification of Pest and Buda in 1873, the Municipal Council of Public Works and the city itself took the lead to develop the city in an institutionalised form, the efficiency of the works was question- able. In general, maintaining green areas in Budapest was a source of constant problems. The study details the condition of green areas in this period and examines the plans and actions taken to expand and develop them from 1870 to the end of the First World War. It also offers a brief summary of the previous history of the subject, as well as examples from the rest of Europe and other cities in the Monarchy, such as Vienna, Prague, and Zagreb. The study then goes on to explore Budapest projects, including the grounds of the Ludovika Military Academy (formerly Orczy Gardens), Margitsziget (Margaret Island), Városliget (City Park) in Pest, the Danube bank, the Gellérthegy and Várkert areas of Buda, as well as downtown walkways and parks, such as Erzsébet tér (Elisabeth Square), József tér (later József nádor tér, Palatine Joseph Square), Ferenc József tér (Franz Joseph Square), the Danube Promenade, Széchenyi sétatér (later Szabadság tér, Liberty Square), the Museum Gardens and Népliget (People’s Park).

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