REFLECTIONS: Poland at the Center of the European Empire
REFLECTIONS: Poland at the Center of the European Empire

Summary/Abstract: The history of Poland abounds in ups and downs. Successes and defeats usually resulted from military events—this is how the independent Poland of 1918 was born and the subjugated Poland of 1945 came into being. Geopolitics was Poland’s greatest curse. Poland, squeezed between two great European superpowers, was too small to face them and too large for them to ignore. Seeking military alliances did not help much, and one generation of politicians after another tried in vain to get out of the political backwater. In vain did they cry, “Nothing about us without us.”

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