O kilku przypadkach bowaryzmu zbiorowego
On a Few Examples of Collective Bovarism

Summary/Abstract: As based on Jules de Gaultier’s writings, a French ethnographer Arnold van Gennep decided to examine the presence of collective bovarism in the people of African republic of Liberia – black immigrants from the Antilles and the United States of America, conflicted with native Africans (“pagan brothers”). Their collective bovarism came into light as persistent following the American and European ideals and as gradual removal from indigenous traditions which, in spite of beliefs and desires, failed in gaining a new and better identity, but rather led to losing their own identity and exposed at ridicule in the eyes of the world. In his thorough analysis of Liberian habits, economy, agriculture, industry, policy, and even fashion, van Gennep tracks a successive decline of culture, urging to fight for regaining their own identity.

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