Hivatásos katonából „professzionális” demokrata. António Ramalho Eanes: elnöki aktivizmus és rendszerkonszolidáció Portugáliában
From A Professional Soldier To A “Professional” Democrat. (António Ramalho Eanes: Presidential Activism and the Consolidation of the System in Portuga

Summary/Abstract: In Portugal the revolution of the carnations won on 25 April, 1974. In Portugal representing the transitional type of authoritarian political system which collapsed – just like the Greek dictatorship, the political power was seized by the Movement of Armed Forces (Movimento das Forças Armadas). During the interim established period five of the six Prime Ministers were delegated by the Army and the first two Presidents also represented the professional soldiers. General António de Spinola, resigned on 30th September, 1974 was followed by chief of the general staff Francisco da Costa Gomes as the head of the state. The Constituent Assembly, established on 25 April, 1975 passed the new Portuguese Constitution and announced its own dissolution. The series of interim governments finished with the appointment of Mário Soares the Prime Minister of the parliamentary election on 25 April, 1976. On 27 June, 1976 in Portugal Presidential election was held. It was won by general António Ramalho Eanes, who was the chief of the general staff, but then he resigned from his military rank. He become – from professional soldier – a professional democrat and his presidential period lasted for twice 5 that is ten years and finished in June, 1986. During this period in the semipresidential type of system in Portugal the process of decolonization finished which meant a burden for the country; with the help of amendment to the constitution in 1982 the consolidated institutional system of democracy built up. The economic-financial crisis was settled and arranged, the country got under the civic control, Portugal became the member of the European Community. Differently from the “Hungarian model” in the period of the democratic consolidation the presidential activism convinsingly prevailed.

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