Konsociacinės demokratijos modelio įgyvendinimo ypatybės. Šveicarijos atvejis
Characteristics of Implementation of Consociational Democracy Model. A Case Study of Switzerland

Summary/Abstract: Straipsnis yra skirtas įvertinti konsociacinės demokratijos modelį kaip politinės inžinerijos metodą, galintį padėti įvesti stabilų demokratinį režimą labai segmentuotose valstybėse, sudaryti istorines atsiradimo galimybes ir modelio įgyvendinimo sąlygas Šveicarijoje. Straipsnyje apibūdinami pagrindiniai konsocionalizmui būdingi elementai ir išankstinės modeliui įgyvendinti palankios sąlygos, taip pat vertinama, kaip šie elementai buvo ir yra įgyvendinami Šveicarijoje. Be to, aiškinamasi, kuo Šveicarijos atvejis yra išskirtinis ir į kokius aspektus reikėtų atkreipti daugiau dėmesio, siekiant įgyvendinti konsocionalizmą kitose visuomenėse. Consociational democracy and its main purpose to create a stable democracy in deeply divided societies is the talking point among political scientists and politicians who want to consolidate regimes in conflicted countries. Together with the growing interest for consociational democracy comes a problem, when theories which were created on the basis of some model societies are tried to apply to societies which are very different in nature to the first ones. Because of this situation, there is a need to revise the theory and the challenges of consociationalism. A comprehensive evaluation of the perspectives and favorable conditions of consociationalism demands further analysis in this field. Trying to point out this problem, there was made an analysis of the main elements of consociationalism as well as the impact of favorable conditions for implementation of consociationalism in deeply divided societies and the implementation of consociationalism in Switzerland. The main finding of this article is that favorable conditions have more importance than it was first assumed by A. Lijphart in late 1970s. As a result there is strong evidence that the combination of such favorable conditions as the traditions of elite accommodation and segmental isolation has a great importance on success of consociationalism. Moreover, it can be assumed that plenty of favorable conditions caused successful implementation of consociationalism in Switzerland.

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