Formovanie podnikateľského prostredia, jeho problémy a výhľady
THE FORMATION OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT,ITS PROBLEMS AND OUTLOOKS

Summary/Abstract: One defines business environment as economic conditions and prerequisites of ac-tivities, which depend on economic and political measures of the state. These to a vari-ous extent and intensity affect the firms from the outside environment. Such conditions include phases of economic cycle, GDP growth rate, inflation rate, balance of payments level, the results of state budget management, interest rate, and unemployment level. These indicators reflect individual types of the economic policy of the state. The first prerequisite of the ample business environment is the stabilisation of eco-nomic conditions, which is reflected by the relative growth of GDP at the retention of inflation rate within one digit range. The second prerequisite of suitable business environment is the functional system of supporting institutions. The decision-making sphere together with specialised organisa-tions forms this system. Global situation of the business environment in Slovakia is a standard one and com-parable with advanced countries. The Constitution of the Slovak Republic and the fol-lowing legislation safeguard the freedom of property, privacy rights implementation, liberty of a contract, respecting of a priority will of participants in business relations, standard norms of public law, tax laws, law on banks, law on economic competition, law on bankruptcy and compensation, contracts on the support and protection of in-vestments etc. The scope of legislation changes is, however, enormous and is characterised by a non-conceptual approach. Large quantity of new laws, direct and indirect amendments, decrees and governmental regulations represent non-transparent system, where even professional lawyers hardly orient themselves. The changes are hardly predictable and thus strategic and scheduling decisions by individual subjects are difficult to be made. Financial burden of the entrepreneurs in the Slovak Republic compared to that in advanced countries is unfairly high. According to the analysis prepared by the Institute of Slovak and World Economics (1999), total burden amounted in Slovakia 58 %, in the EU countries (average) 39.5 %. In a medium-term horizon it is inevitable to stimulate by legislation the business environment for small and medium entrepreneurs and for tradesmen. As a starting point to do this there should be a definition of possible changes in business environment in a medium-term horizon. Significant contribution to that could be the preparation of the medium-term financial outlook, definition of some priorities of the economic policy and preparation of the medium-term currency and budgetary policy.

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