Totalitarni politički sistemi i terorizam
Totalitarian political systems and terrorism

Summary/Abstract: Totalitarianism (Ger. totalitarismus, Fr. totalitarisme). The adjective totalitarian was first used by Giovanni Amendolla in his journal Il Mondo for 12 May 1923, to name the Fascist abuse of parliamentary procedures. He used the term sistema totalitario for the unlawful pressure the Fascists exerted on the parliament. The appearance of totalitarianism had positive connotations in the ideology of Italian Fascism, since Mussolini first used the adjective in a speech delivered in 1925. In political theory, analyses of totalitarian dictatorships (Fascist, Nazi and Bolshevik) start from Friedrich’s ideal type of totalitarianisms. According to him, all the totalitarian dictatorships share six common features. The first is a detailed ideology that all the subjects must accept, at least passively. It contains a requirement based on a radical abolishment of an existing order and the establishment of a new one. The second is that the system has a single, mass-membership political party, mandatorily led by an individual dictator. The party membership includes approximately 10% of the population. The very core of the party is passionate and irrevocably loyal to the party ideology, trying to promote its widespread acceptance. The third is systemic terror exercised by a secret political police, supported and supervised by the party. The secret police focuses its terror on visible enemies of the regime as much as arbitrarily selected groups in the society. The secret police uses modern science, particularly psychology. The fourth is full monopoly over all the mass media, conditioned by technology. The fifth is that there is as similar technologically conditioned monopoly over all forms of effective armed force. The sixth is centralised governance and control over general economy.

• Details
• Contents